GHJGHJ Stainless Steel Smart Water Bottle Temperature Display Vacuum Flask Portable Intelligent Thermoses Coffee Tea Cups For Travel (Capacity : 420ml, Color : Black)
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GHJGHJ Stainless Steel Smart Water Bottle Temperature Display Vacuum Flask Portable Intelligent Thermoses Coffee Tea Cups For Travel (Capacity : 420ml, Color : Black)
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Description
Ministry of Environment and Nature Protection and Sustainable Development of Cameroon (2015). National Climate Change Adaptation Plan. Ordinance n˚ 74-2 of 6 July 1974 establishing land tenure rules 2. This text specifies that the public maritime domain is constituted by: the shores of the sea up to the limit of the highest tides as well as a zone of 50 m measured from this limit; the banks of the mouths of the watercourses subject to the influence of the sea up to the limit of the highest tides, as well as a zone of twenty-five metres from this limit. (art. 3). The Ministry of Forests and Wildlife (MINFOF) is responsible for the elaboration, execution and evaluation of the national policy on forests and wildlife. It coordinates the management and conservation of the national forests, particularly those on the country’s coastal fringe. The authors are grateful to Sebastian Weissenberger for guidance in the work and proofreading of the paper and Alontsi Dongmo for making the map. We also thank anonymous reviewers for their comments and the improvements to the paper that resulted from these. Several actors are involved in coastal zone management in Cameroon. These can be classified into two broad categories as presented in Figure 2: government or state actors and non-state actors.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2013). Climate Change 2013: The Scientific Basis—Summary for Policymakers. Law No. 2004/003 of 21 April 2004 governing urban planning in Cameroon 3. Article 9 of this text stipulates that: land exposed to natural hazards (floods, erosion, landslides, earthquakes, etc.), parts of the public domain classified as such, and ecologically protected areas as defined by legislation relating to environmental management, are unbuildable, except for special prescriptions. According to the provisions of this text, it should contribute to regulating the occupation of the coastal strip. https://minepded.gov.cm/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/LAW-NO.-9612-OF-05-AUGUST-1996-RELATING-TO-ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT.pdf.In Cameroon, the Ministry of Environment and Protection of Nature and Sustainable Development (MINEPDED) is responsible for the management and coordination of programmes and activities related to environmental protection in general, including marine and coastal ecosystems.
The MEAO is the main public institution involved in the management of the coastal strip, specifically the Ocean Department. Its missions include: carrying out or commissioning studies that enable it to produce a report containing appropriate, concrete and detailed proposals on the actions to be undertaken for rapid, integrated and comprehensive local development of the intervention zone; ensuring the safeguarding of the natural environmental and tourist resources of the zones; monitoring the procedures for the rational occupation of the public maritime domain, the national domain and the State domain in the Ocean Department; etc. However, it appears from observations, literature and testimonies that this organisation has difficulty in fulfilling the missions assigned to it, particularly due to the nature of its prerogatives, which are limited to studies to the detriment of the implementation of concrete development projects. Also, it is said to be in competition with other public establishments such as the Autonomous Port of Kribi (PAK). The project on the conservation and participatory management of mangrove ecosystems is one of the implementation mechanisms of the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem project. The project focused on three coastal areas of Cameroon including the Kribi-Campo area in the Southern Region. Within the framework of this project, several activities were carried out, including the restoration of mangrove ecosystems in Londji by the NGO CAFARD. In accordance with the above-mentioned national projects and plans, several activities have been carried out in the Kribi-Campo area within the framework of integrated coastal zone management, including: the project for the conservation and participatory management of mangrove ecosystems; the project for the sustainable community management and conservation of mangrove ecosystems in Cameroon; and the COAST (Collaborative Actions for the sustainable Tourism) project.
Glossary
The above-mentioned regulation is implemented by several categories of actors acting at various levels and sectors of activity. The private sector includes economic operators with interests in the coastal fringe of Cameroon and whose activities have a greater or lesser influence on the environment. It should be noted that other actors such as the traditional authorities and Cameroon’s International Development Partners (FAO, GEF, UNDP, etc.) are also involved in the implementation of these activities.
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